Programa de nutrición parenteral domiciliaria: 32 años de experiencia clínica / A home parental nutrition program: 32 years of clinical experience

Introducción: la nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) es una técnica compleja que implica un seguimiento multidisciplinar. Objetivos: análisis descriptivo de todos los pacientes incluidos en el programa de NPD. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes con NPD entre 1985 y 2017 en nuestro centro, un hospital universitario terciario. Resultados: analizamos 61 pacientes (32 hombres, edad media: 51,2 años). La patología de base más frecuente fue la neoplasia (32,8%), siendo el síndrome de intestino corto (SIC) la principal indicación de NPD (70,5%). Recibieron NPD parcial 45 pacientes y total, 16. El tipo de catéter más empleado fue el venoso tunelizado. Veinte pacientes la suspendieron por ingesta oral completa (19 los primeros cinco años), 26 por exitus (18 los primeros cinco años) y 15 la mantienen. La neoplasia fue la causa de muerte más frecuente (46,2%) y en un 15,4%, la hepatopatía asociada a NPD. La duración mediana de la NPD fue de 25 meses (1-394), siendo en 24 pacientes mayor a cinco años (ocho fallecidos, solo uno de causa oncológica no relacionada con la NPD). Un 54% presentaron infecciones de catéter, aislándose Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo en el 55,2%, con una tasa de infección de 1,04 por 1,000 días de cateterización. Conclusiones: la NPD es una estrategia terapéutica útil en el fracaso intestinal. El SIC es la indicación más frecuente en nuestra casuística. La patología de base, como la neoplasia, determinará el pronóstico. La infección por catéter es la complicación más frecuente, por lo que es necesario reforzar la educación sanitaria y la profilaxis antiséptica

Introduction: home parenteral nutrition (NPD) is a complex technique that involves multidisciplinary follow-up. Objectives: descriptive analysis of all patients included in the NPD program. Methods: retrospective study of patients with NPD between 1985 and 2017 in our center, a tertiary university hospital. Results: we analyzed 61 patients (32 men, mean age: 51.2 years). The most common underlying pathology was neoplasia (32.8%), with short bowel syndrome (SIC) being the main indication of NPD (70.5%). Forty-five patients received partial NPD and 16 total. The tunnelled vein catheter was the most common venous access used. 20 patients suspended it for complete oral intake (19 the first 5 years), 26 were deceased (18 the first 5 years) and 15 maintain it. Neoplasia was the most frequent cause of death (46.2%) and in 15.4% liver disease was associated with NPD. The median duration of NPD was 25 months [1-394]; being in 24 patients longer than 5 years (8 dead, only 1 for oncologic cause not related to the NPD). Fifty-four per cent had catheter infections, being isolated 55.2% Staphylococcus coagulase negative, with an infection rate of 1.04 per 1000 days of catheterization. Conclusions: NPD is a useful therapeutic strategy in intestinal failure. The SIC is the most frequent indication in our case study. The underlying pathology, such as neoplasia, will determine the prognosis. Catheter infection is the more frequent complication, so it is necessary to strengthen health education and antiseptic prophylaxis

[A home enteral nutrition program: 32 years of clinical experience]. / Programa de nutrición parenteral domiciliaria: 32 años de experiencia clínica.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: home parenteral nutrition (NPD) is a complex technique that involves multidisciplinary follow-up. Objectives: descriptive analysis of all patients included in the NPD program. Methods: retrospective study of patients with NPD between 1985 and 2017 in our center, a tertiary university hospital. Results: we analyzed 61 patients (32 men, mean age: 51.2 years). The most common underlying pathology was neoplasia (32.8%), with short bowel syndrome (SIC) being the main indication of NPD (70.5%). Forty-five patients received partial NPD and 16 total. The tunnelled vein catheter was the most common venous access used. 20 patients suspended it for complete oral intake (19 the first 5 years), 26 were deceased (18 the first 5 years) and 15 maintain it. Neoplasia was the most frequent cause of death (46.2%) and in 15.4% liver disease was associated with NPD. The median duration of NPD was 25 months [1-394]; being in 24 patients longer than 5 years (8 dead, only 1 for oncologic cause not related to the NPD). Fifty-four per cent had catheter infections, being isolated 55.2% Staphylococcus coagulase negative, with an infection rate of 1.04 per 1000 days of catheterization. Conclusions: NPD is a useful therapeutic strategy in intestinal failure. The SIC is the most frequent indication in our case study. The underlying pathology, such as neoplasia, will determine the prognosis. Catheter infection is the more frequent complication, so it is necessary to strengthen health education and antiseptic prophylaxis.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) es una técnica compleja que implica un seguimiento multidisciplinar. Objetivos: análisis descriptivo de todos los pacientes incluidos en el programa de NPD. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes con NPD entre 1985 y 2017 en nuestro centro, un hospital universitario terciario. Resultados: analizamos 61 pacientes (32 hombres, edad media: 51,2 años). La patología de base más frecuente fue la neoplasia (32,8%), siendo el síndrome de intestino corto (SIC) la principal indicación de NPD (70,5%). Recibieron NPD parcial 45 pacientes y total, 16. El tipo de catéter más empleado fue el venoso tunelizado. Veinte pacientes la suspendieron por ingesta oral completa (19 los primeros cinco años), 26 por exitus (18 los primeros cinco años) y 15 la mantienen. La neoplasia fue la causa de muerte más frecuente (46,2%) y en un 15,4%, la hepatopatía asociada a NPD. La duración mediana de la NPD fue de 25 meses (1-394), siendo en 24 pacientes mayor a cinco años (ocho fallecidos, solo uno de causa oncológica no relacionada con la NPD). Un 54% presentaron infecciones de catéter, aislándose Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo en el 55,2%, con una tasa de infección de 1,04 por 1,000 días de cateterización. Conclusiones: la NPD es una estrategia terapéutica útil en el fracaso intestinal. El SIC es la indicación más frecuente en nuestra casuística. La patología de base, como la neoplasia, determinará el pronóstico. La infección por catéter es la complicación más frecuente, por lo que es necesario reforzar la educación sanitaria y la profilaxis antiséptica.

Nutritional deficiencies and bone metabolism after endobarrier in obese type 2 patients with diabetes.

Endobarrier® is a minimally invasive, reversible endoscopic treatment for obesity. It provokes malabsorption along 60 cm of the small intestine, which can contribute to the development of vitamin deficiencies and to changes in bone mineral density (BMD). To determine the prevalence of nutrient deficiencies, changes in body composition and BMD during the first year after Endobarrier® placement. Twenty-one patients with type 2 diabetes met inclusion criteria. Levels of vitamins, micro and macronutrients were assessed prior and at 1, 3 and 12 months post-operatively. DEXA was performed before and 12 months after implant. Nineteen patients completed the 12 months follow-up. Vitamin D deficiency was the most prevalent finding before Endobarrier® implant. The percentage of patients with severe deficiency decreased from 19 to 5% at 12 months after supplementation. Microcytic anaemia was initially present in 9.5% of patients and increased to 26.3% at 12 months. Low ferritin and vitamin B12 levels were observed in 14.2 and 4.8% of patients before the implant and worsened to 42 and 10.5%. Low concentrations of magnesium and phosphorus were also common but improved along the study. A significant but not clinically relevant decrease in BMD of 4.14 ± 4.0% at the femoral neck was observed at 12 months without changes in osteocalcin levels. Vitamin deficiencies are common after Endobarrier® implant. It is therefore important to screen patients prior to and at regular intervals after the implant, and to encourage adherence to diet counselling and supplementation.

Apoplejía hipofisaria inducida por triptorelina en paciente con cáncer de próstata / Pituitary apoplexy induced by triptorelin in patient with prostate cancer

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Alteraciones endocrinas en las histiocitosis de la región hipotálamo hipofisaria / Endocrine changes in histiocytosis of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

Las histiocitosis son cuadros caracterizados por la proliferación de células del sistema mononuclear fagocítico. Incluyen la histiocitosis de células de Langerhans (HCL) y las histiocitosis de células no Langerhans (entre ellas la enfermedad de Chester-Erdheim [ECE]). Aunque la diabetes insípida (DI) es la alteración hipotálamo hipofisaria (HH) más frecuente, están menos estudiados los déficits hipofisarios anteriores. Se analiza la frecuencia y la progresión de los déficits hormonales hipofisarios y los hallazgos radiológicos de 9 pacientes (7 HCL y 2 ECE) con afectación de la región HH. El 89% de los pacientes presentaba DI (62% al diagnóstico) y el 78%, uno o más déficits anteriores (71% al diagnóstico). Dado que la afectación HH es relativamente frecuente en pacientes con diagnóstico de histiocitosis y que los déficits hormonales pueden estar presentes al diagnóstico o aparecer de forma paulatina durante el curso de la enfermedad, es recomendable monitorizar de manera regular a este tipo de pacientes

Histiocytosis is characterized by proliferation of cells from the mononuclear phagocyte system, and may be divided into Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (including Erdheim-Chester disease [ECD]). While diabetes insipidus (DI) is the most common hypothalamic-pituitary consequence, anterior pituitary deficiencies are less known. This study analyzed the frequency and progression of pituitary hormone deficiencies and the radiographic findings in 9 patients (7 with LCH and 2 with ECD) with hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis. Eighty-nine percent of patients had DI (62% at diagnosis), and 78% had one or more anterior pituitary deficiencies (71% at diagnosis). HP involvement is relatively common in patients diagnosed with histiocytosis and hormone deficiencies may be present at diagnosis or appear gradually during the course of disease. Regular monitoring of these patients is recommended

Endocrine changes in histiocytosis of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

Histiocytosis is characterized by proliferation of cells from the mononuclear phagocyte system, and may be divided into Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (including Erdheim-Chester disease [ECD]). While diabetes insipidus (DI) is the most common hypothalamic-pituitary consequence, anterior pituitary deficiencies are less known. This study analyzed the frequency and progression of pituitary hormone deficiencies and the radiographic findings in 9 patients (7 with LCH and 2 with ECD) with hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis. Eighty-nine percent of patients had DI (62% at diagnosis), and 78% had one or more anterior pituitary deficiencies (71% at diagnosis). HP involvement is relatively common in patients diagnosed with histiocytosis and hormone deficiencies may be present at diagnosis or appear gradually during the course of disease. Regular monitoring of these patients is recommended.